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Urban green innovation efficiency is emerging as a critical factor in promoting sustainable urban development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing countries like China. This article delves into the intricate relationship between urban innovation ecosystems and green innovation efficiency, revealing diverse pathways for enhancing urban sustainability.
The Context of Urbanization in China
China’s urbanization has seen a dramatic increase from 172 million urban residents in 1978 to 914 million by 2021, with the urbanization rate rising from 17.9% to 64.7%. This rapid urban expansion has been accompanied by significant economic growth, but it has also led to increased carbon dioxide emissions and environmental degradation. Addressing these challenges requires a focus on sustainable urban development, emphasizing green innovation as a key strategy for facilitating this transition.
Understanding Urban Innovation Ecosystems
An urban innovation ecosystem encompasses a network of interactions among various stakeholders, including government entities, businesses, academic institutions, and research organizations. The concept of an „innovation ecosystem” is vital for analyzing the complex dynamics that drive green innovation efficiency. It highlights the importance of collaboration and integration across different sectors to foster an environment conducive to sustainable innovation.
Methodological Framework: fsQCA and DEA-SBM
This study employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and the data envelopment analysis with slacks-based measurement (DEA-SBM) model to evaluate the green innovation efficiency of 71 innovative cities in China. The fsQCA approach allows for examining the interplay of multiple factors influencing innovation efficiency, while the DEA-SBM model measures efficiency by considering both desired and undesired outputs, offering a comprehensive view of urban innovation performance.
Key Findings on Innovation Efficiency
Findings indicate that a singular focus on individual innovation factors does not necessarily enhance urban green innovation efficiency. Instead, cities exhibiting strong system openness are better positioned to attract creative forces, facilitating open innovation. Additionally, three distinct models supporting urban innovation efficiency have emerged: the innovation subject-balanced development model, the innovation environment-innovation asset dual drive model, and the innovation subject-open drive model.
Regional Disparities in Innovation Efficiency
The study highlights the significant regional disparities in green innovation efficiency across eastern, central, and western cities in China. Eastern cities tend to leverage system openness and innovation assets, while central cities emphasize innovation drive and system openness. In contrast, western cities prioritize innovation subjects, environments, and system openness. These findings underscore the need for tailored innovation policies that address the specific strengths and weaknesses of each region.
Policy Recommendations for Enhancing Innovation Ecosystems
To improve urban green innovation efficiency, policymakers should consider the following strategies: empower local innovation ecosystems by fostering collaboration among stakeholders, enhance the regulatory framework to facilitate open innovation, and utilize available resources to drive innovation in cities with limited innovation factors. Moreover, promoting regional cooperation among cities can leverage collective strengths to foster sustainable urban development.
Conclusion: The Path Forward
As urban areas continue to grow, the importance of enhancing green innovation efficiency through robust urban innovation ecosystems cannot be overstated. By understanding the complex interplay of various factors and regional dynamics, cities can create strategic policies that not only address environmental challenges but also unlock economic opportunities. This multifaceted approach will pave the way for sustainable urban development, ensuring that cities can thrive in an increasingly interconnected and resource-constrained world.
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