The 10th Submarine Flotilla: A Historic Royal Navy Formation
The 10th Submarine Flotilla was a significant formation of the Royal Navy that operated during both World War I and World War II.
Early Operations
In January 1915, the flotilla was stationed in the Humber. By January 1917, it had relocated to the Tees, reflecting the shifting tactical needs of the naval forces at the time.
Formation in World War II
During the Second World War, the flotilla was established in Malta in January 1941. It comprised submarines from the Royal Navy and the Polish Naval Force, which were assigned to the British Mediterranean Fleet.
Composition and Capabilities
The flotilla initially included a range of U-class submarines such as:
- HMS Unbeaten
- HMS Upholder
- HMS United
- HMS Upright
- HMS Una
- HMS Unseen
- HMS Unbending
- HMS Unbroken
- HMS Urge
- HMS Utmost
- HMS P38
- HMS Ursula (N59)
- ORP Sokół
- ORP Dzik
The U-class submarines, primarily designed for training purposes, were well-suited for operations in the clear waters of the Mediterranean, although they were not originally intended for combat.
Base of Operations
The flotilla operated from a base located at HMS Talbot on Manoel Island in Marsamxett Harbour. The location, with its ancient fortifications, provided a strategic vantage point; however, it also became a prime target for Axis aerial attacks.
Challenges and Achievements
In 1942, the submarine base was heavily bombed, leading to a temporary relocation of the flotilla to Alexandria. Tragically, during this move, HMS Urge sank after hitting a mine, with no survivors reported.
Despite never exceeding a total of 12 submarines, the flotilla had a profound impact, sinking a remarkable 412,575 tons of Axis shipping between January 1941 and December 1942.
Notable Engagements
One of the flotilla’s most distinguished actions occurred on 24 May 1941, when HMS Upholder successfully attacked a convoy off the coast of Sicily, sinking the 18,000 ton liner Conte Rosso. The captain, Lieutenant Commander Malcolm Wanklyn, was awarded the Victoria Cross for this feat as well as for his numerous successful patrols.
Further Reading
- Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
- Siege of Malta (World War II)
- 14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla
- Malta Convoys