Year 1192: A Leap Year of Historical Significance
The year 1192 (MCXCII) was a leap year commencing on a Wednesday in the Julian calendar. This year marks the 1192nd year of the Common Era (CE) and the Anno Domini (AD) designations, falling within the 2nd millennium, specifically the 92nd year of the 12th century, and the 3rd year of the 1190s decade.
Key Events
- January 7 – Venus occults Jupiter.
- April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, is assassinated in Tyre, merely days after his election as king. The assassination is executed by the Hashshashin, the term that later inspired the English word “assassin.”
- August 21 – Minamoto no Yoritomo is granted the title of shōgun, thereby officially founding the first shogunate in Japan.
- Margaritus of Brindisi is appointed as the first Count of Malta following the capture of Constance, Holy Roman Empress in 1191.
- Second Battle of Tarain in India: The forces of Mu’izz al-Din achieve victory over Prithviraj Chauhan.
- The Lugouqiao (later known as the Marco Polo Bridge) is completed in Beijing.
- Constance, Holy Roman Empress is released by Tancred, King of Sicily, following pressure from Pope Celestine III in May, and returns to Germany in June.
- Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich of Novgorod destroys Tartu and Otepää Castles in Estonia.
The Third Crusade
- August 5 – In the Battle of Jaffa, Richard I of England defeats the forces of Saladin, resulting in a cessation of hostilities and paving the way for a truce.
- September 2 – Following negotiations, the Treaty of Jaffa is signed, ensuring that Jerusalem remains under Muslim control, while granting pilgrimage rights to Christians.
- October 9 – Richard I departs the Holy Land, setting sail from Acre as he begins his journey back to Europe.
- December 11 – Upon returning from the Third Crusade, Richard I is captured by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, at Dürnstein.
Notable Births
- September 17 – Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shōgun (d. 1219)
- Queen Maria of Jerusalem (d. 1212)
- King Stefan Radoslav of Serbia (d. 1234)
- Saint Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari of Uch Sharif (d. 1291)
Significant Deaths
- April 26 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1127)
- April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem (b. mid-1140s)
- May 8 – Duke Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria (b. 1163)
- August 25 – Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1142)
- Saint Margaret of England, English saint
- Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras, vizier of the Sultanate of Rum
- Kilij Arslan II, Sultan of Rum
- Rashid ad-Din Sinan, known as the “Old Man of the Mountain”, leader of the Hashashin sect (b. 1132/1135)
- Prithviraj Chauhan, King of the Chauhan Dynasty (b. 1177)
Conclusion
The events of 1192 reflect a period of significant political strife and cultural transitions, with lasting impacts that shaped the historical landscapes of Europe and Asia. The assassination of leaders, the establishment of shōgunates, and the outcomes of crucial battles define this remarkable year.