1543

Year 1543 (MDXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. It is one of the years sometimes referred to as an “Annus mirabilis” because of its significant publications in science, considered the start of the Scientific Revolution.

1543
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Year 1543 (MDXLIII)

Year 1543 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. It is often referred to as an “Annus mirabilis” due to its significant scientific publications, marking the beginning of the Scientific Revolution.

Events

January–March

  • January 4 – Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta begins a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta.
  • January 8 – The burial of King James V of Scotland takes place at Holyrood Abbey.
  • February 11 – King Henry VIII of England forms an alliance with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, against France.
  • February 21 – In the Battle of Wayna Daga, a joint Ethiopian-Portuguese force defeats Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi’s army, concluding the Ethiopian–Adal war.
  • March 7 – Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI is installed as the new ruler of the Kingdom of Tlemcen, now in Algeria.
  • Massive flooding of the Mississippi River occurs in southeastern North America, lasting for 40 days.
  • March 15 – The Scottish Parliament elects James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, as the Regent for the infant Mary Queen of Scots.
  • March 18 – Chronicler Inca Garcilaso de la Vega notes the ongoing flooding of the Mississippi River.
  • March 20 – King Gustav of Sweden leads troops to defeat Nils Dacke in Dacke’s Rebellion.
  • March 21 – De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is printed in Nuremberg, presenting arguments for a heliocentric universe.

April–June

  • April 23 – Suleiman the Magnificent invades Hungary to capture territories previously taken by Archduke Ferdinand.
  • May 5 – Elizabeth of Austria marries Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland.
  • May 12 – Henry VIII gives royal assent to the Act for the Advancement of True Religion, limiting Bible reading.
  • May 24 – On his deathbed, Nicolaus Copernicus receives a copy of his book.
  • June 4 – Fabiano di Monte San Savinov attempts but fails to conquer the Republic of San Marino.
  • June 22 – Henry VIII declares war on King Francis I of France.
  • June – Andreas Vesalius publishes De humani corporis fabrica, transforming human anatomy science.

July–September

  • July 1 – The Treaty of Greenwich is signed between England and Scotland.
  • July 12 – Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr.
  • July 25 – The Battle of Muros Bay occurs, marking the first significant naval battle in the Atlantic Ocean.
  • August 6 – The Siege of Nice begins by Ottoman and French forces.
  • August 10 – Esztergom surrenders to the Ottomans.
  • August 22 – The city of Nice is captured by the Ottomans.
  • August 25 – The first Europeans arrive in Japan, introducing firearms.
  • September 4 – The city of Székesfehérvár is captured by Suleiman the Magnificent.
  • September 9 – Mary Stuart is crowned Queen of Scots.

October–December

  • October 6 – French envoys inadvertently deliver supplies to the wrong faction in Scotland.
  • November 16 – Suleiman completes his campaign in Hungary.
  • December 7 – The Confederation of Shan States begins an invasion of the Toungoo Empire.
  • December 11 – The Scottish Parliament votes against the Treaty of Greenwich.
  • December 20 – The Eight Years War begins with Scotland declaring war on England.
  • December 31 – Henry VIII signs an agreement for an invasion of France.

Date unknown

  • Martin Luther publishes On the Jews and Their Lies.
  • Mikael Agricola publishes Abckiria.
  • The Lighthouse of Genoa is completed in its present form.
  • Indians in the Spanish Empire are declared free.

Births

  • January 18 (baptized) – Alfonso Ferrabosco, Italian composer (d. 1588)
  • January 31 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1616)
  • February 4 – Johannes Heurnius, Dutch physician (d. 1601)
  • February 16 – Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter (d. 1590)
  • August 3 – Nicasius de Sille, Dutch diplomat (d. 1600)
  • December 29 – Catherine of Nassau-Dillenburg, daughter of William I (d. 1624)

Deaths

  • January 2 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (b. 1497)
  • February 21 – Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Imam of Adal (in battle) (b. c. 1506)
  • May 24 – Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish mathematician and astronomer (b. 1473)
  • November 29 – Hans Holbein the Younger, German artist (b. 1497)
  • December 29 – Maria Salviati, Italian noble (b. 1499)