Goma, a bustling city in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, has recently transformed into a conflict zone following its capture by the M23 rebel group.
The Takeover of Goma
The city of Goma, home to nearly two million residents, fell to the M23 rebels last week after a rapid advance through the region. This takeover has resulted in at least 700 deaths and close to 3,000 injuries as clashes erupted between M23 fighters and the Congolese army, with the United Nations and the Congolese government confirming the casualties.
Understanding the Conflict
The M23, primarily composed of ethnic Tutsis, claims to be advocating for the rights of their minority group. In contrast, the Congolese government accuses the rebels of seeking to exploit the vast mineral wealth of the eastern region, with allegations of support from neighboring Rwanda.
Impact on Civilians
Within hours of entering Goma, the stark realities of war became evident. At a local hospital, I encountered Dr. Nathaniel Cirho, who had been injured by shrapnel from a bomb that struck nearby. He described the harrowing aftermath, stating, “After surgery, he didn’t survive,” referring to a neighbor who succumbed to injuries.
Another patient, an elderly woman, recounted her ordeal of being shot. She explained, “Suddenly my hand felt cold, and I realized I had been shot,” highlighting the dire circumstances in which civilians now find themselves.
Healthcare Under Strain
Hospitals in Goma are overwhelmed, with one doctor revealing that they treated over 700 patients with varying injuries, including severe gunshot wounds. The UN’s Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has also warned of rising incidents of sexual violence utilized as a weapon of war, corroborated by medical staff reporting multiple cases of gender-based violence.
Life in a Captured City
Despite the apparent calm in certain areas, businesses struggle to resume operations. Shop owner Sammy Matabishi expressed fears about the lingering tensions, stating, “People are afraid… I am still afraid because those who caused the tension are still with us.” Many residents have fled to neighboring countries, and local traders are unable to import goods.
The Political Landscape
The Congolese government continues to deny that Goma has been fully captured by the M23, proclaiming that they will reclaim lost territory. Meanwhile, as the M23 celebrates its gains, the rebels are reportedly moving south towards Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu, with aspirations to reach Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC, despite the distance of 2,600 km.
Regional Implications
The conflict has implications beyond the borders of Goma. South Africa has engaged militarily in the region, with President Cyril Ramaphosa warning that further attacks on its troops by the M23 would be treated as a declaration of war. This has escalated tensions with Rwanda, which has been accused of backing the M23.
Conclusion
As Goma remains under the control of the M23, the humanitarian crisis deepens. The situation serves as a grim reminder of the ongoing struggles faced by the Congolese people and the potential for further instability in the region should the M23 continue its advance.
For more updates on the situation in Goma and the broader African continent, visit BBCAfrica.com.
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